Relational-Cultural Theory and Nature Connectedness: Building a Relationship with Nature
The urgency to understand human relationships with nature is paramount in an era marked by environmental crises. Relation-Cultural Theory (RCT), initially proposed to understand human relationships and growth through connections (Jordan, 2001), offers a framework that can be extended to understand human connection with the natural world. When combined with the concept of nature connectedness, a deeper understanding of how humans can foster a harmonious relationship with the earth emerges.
Relational-Cultural Theory: An Overview
RCT appeared as a counterargument to traditional psychological theories that prioritized separation and individualism. Instead, RCT posits that humans grow through and toward relationships throughout their life (Miller, 1976). It emphasizes that isolation is one of the primary sources of human suffering, and disconnection can lead to stagnation (Jordan, 2001).
At the heart of RCT is the understanding that isolation and disconnection are among the most severe threats to human well-being. Jordan, building upon Miller’s foundational work, delved deeper into the implications of isolation, positing that prolonged disconnection could lead not only to stagnation but also to profound psychological distress (Jordan, 2001).
In the context of RCT, relational disconnection is not just about physical isolation but also about the emotional and psychological ruptures that individuals can experience. It could be the feeling of being misunderstood in a relationship, experiences of discrimination because of one’s identity, or the profound loneliness one feels even when surrounded by people. From the lens of RCT, the complexities of human connections are better understood when viewed within cultural, social, and individual contexts. In a society that often regards dependence as a weakness, RCT boldly postulated that humans are inherently relational beings, and growth is most profound when it occurs in the context of meaningful relationships. The theory was primarily developed within the feminist and multicultural paradigms to understand the intricate web of human connections.
Nature Connectedness: A Relational Understanding
Nature connectedness refers to the extent to which individuals consider nature as a critical aspect of their identity. It reflects how closely individuals feel linked to the natural world (Mayer & Frantz, 2004). More nature connectedness often correlates with pro-environmental behaviors and a holistic well-being, marking its significance in current times. The integration of RCT with nature connectedness provides a relational lens to understand human-nature interactions. Just as humans thrive on interpersonal connections, they can also flourish when deeply connected with nature. Nature serves as a relational partner, and forging a connection with it can be a source of growth, resilience, and well-being.
Building a Relationship with Nature
Just as RCT emphasizes mutual empathy in human relationships, extending the same empathy towards nature fosters a connection (Jordan, 2001). By understanding and resonating with the natural world’s rhythms, one can nurture a bond that is based on mutual respect and understanding. Engaging in recreational activities outdoors, such as hiking, camping, or even simple walks, can cultivate a sense of connection and belongingness with nature (Capaldi, Dopko, & Zelenski, 2014). Practicing mindfulness while interacting with nature — truly observing, listening, and feeling — can intensify the relational bond (Howell, Dopko, Passmore, & Buro, 2011). Forest bathing and gardening are two of my favorite ways to be in relationship with nature. Finally, actively taking part in conservation efforts can foster a sense of responsibility and deepen the connection with the environment (Nisbet & Zelenski, 2013).
Knowledge often precedes care. Environmental education, workshops, and nature-based courses can help individuals understand, appreciate, and connect with the natural world on a deeper level (Chawla, 1999). Many indigenous communities and cultures have rituals, ceremonies, and practices that honor and celebrate nature. Engaging in or understanding these practices can provide insights into forming a symbiotic relationship with nature (Cajete, 2000).
Expressing one’s relationship with nature through art, be it painting, writing, or music, can be therapeutic and deepens the bond (Kopytin & Rugh, 2017).
RCT, when integrated with nature connectedness, underscores the vital role relationships — be it with humans or nature — play in individual and societal well-being. As the environmental crisis deepens, fostering a profound connection with nature is not just beneficial, but imperative. In connecting with nature, we not only nurture our well-being but also contribute to the healing and sustenance of the planet.
References
Cajete, G. A. (2000). Native science: Natural laws of interdependence. Santa Fe, NM: Clear Light Publishers.
Capaldi, C. A., Dopko, R. L., & Zelenski, J. M. (2014). The relationship between nature connectedness and happiness: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 976.
Chawla, L. (1999). Life paths into effective environmental action. The Journal of Environmental Education, 31(1), 15–26.
Howell, A. J., Dopko, R. L., Passmore, H. A., & Buro, K. (2011). Nature connectedness: Associations with well-being and mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(2), 166–171.
Jordan, J. V. (2001). A relational-cultural model: Healing through mutual empathy. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 65(1), 92–103.
Kopytin, A., & Rugh, M. (2017). Environmental arts therapy and the tree of life. In Nature Therapy (pp. 130–152). Routledge.
